\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx,bm}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,scale=1]
  \draw[densely dashed](0,0)node[left]{$\infty$}--++(10,0)node[right]{0};
  \draw(0,-0.20)--++(10,0);
  \draw(0,-0.34)--++(10,0);
  \draw(0,-0.54)node[left]{5}--++(10,0)node[right]{$-0.54$};
  \draw(0,-0.85)node[left]{4}--++(10,0)node[right]{$-0.85$};
  \draw(0,-1.51)node[left]{3}--++(10,0)node[right]{$-1.51$};
  \draw(0,-3.40)node[left]{2}--++(10,0)node[right]{$-3.40$};
  \draw(0,-13.6)node[left]{1}--++(10,0)node[right]{$-13.6$};
  \foreach \x[count=\i] in {-3.4,-1.51,-0.85,-0.54,-0.34}
  {
    \draw[->](\i*0.3,\x)--(\i*0.3,-13.6);
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  {
    \draw[->,densely dashed](1.8+\i*1.8,0)--(1.8+\i*1.8,\x);
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  \foreach \x[count=\i] in {-0.54,-0.34} {\draw[->](6.3+\i*0.3,\x)--(6.3+\i*0.3,-0.85);}
  \foreach \x/\y in {1.05/赖曼系,2.85/巴耳末系,4.65/帕邢系,7.35/布喇开系} 
  {\node at (\x,0.5){\y};}
  \node at (0,0.5)[left]{$n$};
  \node at (10,0.5)[right]{$E/\unit{eV}$};
  \draw[thin](11.1,0)--++(0.2,0)--++(0,-3.4)--++(-0.2,0)(11.3,-1.7)--++(0.3,0)node[right]{激发态};
  \node at (11.9,-13.6){基态};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}